Beyond the City Limits: An Examination of Adjustment among Immigrants in Rural Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present research sought to investigate some of the key elements that are related to rural immigration in the province of Ontario where the experience of declining immigration to rural areas is typical for Canada. 104 immigrants living in rural Canada participated in the study. Those who reported a high level of psychological well-being were less likely to report socio-cultural difficulties; those who perceived high levels of discrimination were more likely to report socio-cultural difficulties and psycho-physical distress; and low levels of linguistic competence predicted psycho-physical distress. Acculturation attitudes also predicted socio-cultural difficulties in that those who endorsed integration, assimilation and marginalization were less likely to report socio-cultural difficulties. The cultural adaptation problems of rural immigrants were found, in this study, to be similar to those of their urban counterparts, which indicates that services to support adaptation and higher levels of integration should also be offered to rural immigrants. The results of the present study are important for policy making, economic development and service delivery in rural Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".