Orders of torsion units of integral reality-based algebras with rational multiplicities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reality-based algebra (RBA) is a finite-dimensional associative algebra with involution over [Formula: see text] whose distinguished basis [Formula: see text] contains [Formula: see text] and is closed under pseudo-inverse. An integral RBA is one whose structure constants in its distinguished basis are integers. If the algebra has a one-dimensional representation taking positive values on [Formula: see text], then we say that the RBA has a positive degree map. These RBAs have a standard feasible trace, and the multiplicities of the irreducible characters in the standard feasible trace are the multiplicities of the RBA. In this paper, we show that for integral RBAs with positive degree map whose multiplicities are rational, any finite subgroup of torsion units whose elements are all of degree [Formula: see text] and have algebraic integer coefficients must have order dividing a certain positive integer determined by the degree map and the multiplicities. The paper concludes with a thorough investigation of the properties of RBAs that force multiplicities to be rational.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".