A 650-GHz Backward Wave Oscillator Based on Axial Loaded Double Defected-Photonic Crystal SWS
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Axial loaded Double Defected Photonic Crystal (ADD-PC) with a cylindrical beam channel is introduced as a slow-wave structure (SWS) for backward wave oscillator (BWO) source design. The structural and the geometrical dimensions of the proposed SWS for submillimeter wave regime are realizable using the modern microfabrication processes. Starting from the basic design; the dispersion diagram, the modal phase velocity, and the beam interaction impedance are calculated. The effect of fabrication tolerance on both the operating frequency and the beam interaction impedance is also discussed. Using a custom built numerical electron beam-wave interaction algorithm, the electromagnetic field generation supported by the ADD-PC SWS is analyzed thoroughly. Simulation results indicate that with the proposed BWO, an output power of almost 8 W at 650 GHz with 1.8% conversion efficiency can be achieved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it