Seismic performance of soil-nailed walls using a 1<i>g</i> shaking table
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the seismic performance of soil-nailed walls, a series of 1g shaking table tests was conducted on 0.8 m high wall models with different nail lengths. It was found that the seismic deformation mode of walls highly depends on the nail length and input motion parameters. The combination of a base sliding and rotating deformation mode was observed as the predominant mode of deformation and the length to height (L/H) ratio of 0.7 was presented as the critical ratio in seismic conditions. The pattern of the observed failure mechanisms was similar to a third-degree polynomial failure surface with a specific inflection point. Irrespective of different nail lengths, the threshold acceleration corresponding to the onset of plastic displacements was similar and equal to 0.5g for all models. Based on the formation of initial cracks, a range of Δx/H = 0.33%–0.56% (where Δx is the lateral displacement of the facing) was found as a transitional level from quasi-elastic to plastic state. Also, based on the initial development of the active wedge failure, a range of Δx/H = 3.3%–4.3% was found as a transitional level from plastic to failure state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".