Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) Prevalence and Correlates in Alberta Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Clinic Attendees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Global estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) prevalence are variable with few Canadian studies. Methods. Specimens collected from January to April, 2016 for gonorrhea (NG) and Chlamydia (CT) screening from urogenital sites among male and female attendees (>17 years old) at two Alberta STI Clinics were tested for TV. The Gen-Probe Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis Assay (Gen-Probe Inc, San Diego, California) was used to test endocervical, vaginal and urine specimens. For a female sub-population, test results from endocervical and urine specimens collected on the same individuals at the same visit were compared and the proportion of discordant results was calculated. Descriptive analysis of individuals was completed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results. A total of 2273 individuals were tested. Just over one-half (53.6%; n = 1218) were males, of which 355 (29%) were men who have sex with men (MSM); all tested via urine samples. The male TV prevalence was 0.2% (n = 3); all male cases were asymptomatic, and heterosexual. The male prevalence for CT was 5.8% and NG was 1.8%. The overall TV prevalence for females, combining endocervical/vaginal and urine results, was 2.8% (n = 29), CT was 5.7% (n = 60), and NG was 1.8% (n = 19). Only 6/29 (21%) female specimens positive using the Gen-Probe Aptima TV test were positive by wet mount. The TV prevalence among symptomatic women rose to 5.3% (21/397). Correlates associated with TV infection among females were older age (30y versus 27y, p = 0.04), Aboriginal ethnicity (41.4% versus 11.0%, p < 0.001), being symptomatic (72.4% versus 38.1%; p < 0.001), and requiring a pelvic exam (65.5% versus 41.9%; p = 0.01). There was high concordance of results between urine and cervical swabs (99.2%); the three (0.8%) specimens that were negative by urine were positive by swabs. Conclusion. Our study showed a prevalence of TV of 2.5% in female attendees at two Canadian STI Clinics, which is at the lower end of the range reported in other studies (0.3-30%), but between that of chlamydia and gonorrhea. No cases were identified among MSM and prevalence was very low (0.2%) in heterosexual males, all of whom were asymptomatic. The use of wet mount as a screening test in females would have missed more than 75% of female TV cases. Disclosures. P. Naidu, Hologic Inc: Investigator, Research support and Unrestricted educational grant provided to AMMI-CACMID to pay for accommodation and travel to national meeting; M. Chernesky, Hologic Inc: Research Contractor and Speaker's Bureau, Research support; A. Singh, Hologic Inc: Speaker at sponsored symposium, Travel and accommodation to meeting paid by unrestricted educational grant to AMMI CACMID
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".