Measurements of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Ice Impact Pressures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents results of laboratory experiments involving a 1 m diameter ice cone colliding with an instrumented panel (Impact Module). The tests were performed using a double pendulum apparatus that provided high impact energy. Images taken with a high speed camera at 500 fps from within the Impact Module provide information about the true contact area and pressure distribution during the collision. The acquired images were translated into pressure distributions using a specifically developed software routine. These data are compared to the output of a separate pressure sensor located in the centre of the Impact Module. The images show increasing contact area as the collision proceeds and capture sudden losses of area as ice fracture and spalling occurred. Observations such as significant spalling events in the vicinity of the central pressure sensor are also reflected in its recordings. The results provide maps of the temporal and spatial variations in contact pressure, contact area and force as an ice impact progresses at speeds typical of impacts that might occur with icebreaking ships.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".