Investigation of DNAPL migration in double-porosity media using image analysis
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nowadays, non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) are one of the common contaminants that lead to soil pollution. In this study, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration in double-porosity media using light transmission visualization (LTV) method. Two experiments were conducted in different types of double-porous media; namely aggregated kaolin with moisture content of 30% as well as a mixture of sintered clay spheres and Ottawa sand. An experimental setup was specially designed to execute the LTV method. Dyed tetrachloroethylene (PCE) which is one of the DNAPLs was poured into both experiments in order to study the behavior of DNAPL migration. The instantaneous migration of PCE in the double-porosity media was captured by a digital camera. Image analysis was applied to all the captured images. Experimental results obtained from the image analysis were discussed qualitatively in terms of area, vertical distance travelled, velocity and saturation. Besides, the comparison was made between the pouring method and injection method of PCE in 30% moisture content of aggregated kaolin sample. Regarding to the obtained results from different release methods of PCE, the coverage of PCE was larger under pouring method. Furthermore, for the experiment of a mixture of sintered clay spheres and Ottawa sand, PCE migration ceased at the half height of test sample due to the absorbability of sintered clay spheres only. This phenomenon was credited to Ottawa sand has no effect to the absorption of water and air. Hence, coverage of PCE in aggregated kaolin test sample was bigger than the mixture of sintered clay spheres and Ottawa sand. It was found that different release methods of PCE and the types of double-porosity soil media can become the influential factors in PCE migration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it