New interaction model for vertical dynamic response of pipe piles considering soil plug effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A soil–pile interaction model is developed to better represent the actual behavior of pipe piles undergoing dynamic testing. To correctly investigate the dynamic interaction mechanism of the pipe piles, the developed model introduces an additional mass to account for the soil plug. The governing equations of motion for the soil–pile system subjected to small deformations and strains are established considering plane strain conditions for the soil and one-dimensional wave propagation in the pile. The analytical solution of the vertical dynamic response of the pipe pile in the frequency domain is then obtained by employing a Laplace transform and transfer function technique. The corresponding quasi-analytical solution in the time domain for the pipe pile subjected to a vertical semi-sinusoidal exciting force is subsequently derived by means of a Fourier transform. A parameter sensitivity analysis of the additional mass model is carried out to determine the approximate range of the parameter values. Utilizing the developed solution, a parametric study is performed to illustrate the influence of the properties of the soil–pile system on the vertical dynamic response of the pipe pile. Finally, the validity of the additional mass model is validated by conducting a set of model tests, based on which the concept of “apparent wave velocity of pipe pile” (AWVPP) is also proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".