Oxidant-Induced High-Efficient Mussel-Inspired Modification on PVDF Membrane with Superhydrophilicity and Underwater Superoleophobicity Characteristics for Oil/Water Separation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, a facile one-step approach was developed to modify hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane with superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity properties via a high-efficient deposition of polydopamine (PDA) coating oxidized by sodium periodate in a slightly acidic environment (pH = 5.0). In contrast to the traditional PDA coating on hydrophobic membranes autoxidized by O 2 in a weak basic buffer solution, the superhydrophilicity and ultrahigh pure water permeability (about 11 934 L m –2 h –1 under 0.038 MPa) of the PDA-decorated PVDF membrane are derived from optimized chemical oxidation without postmodifications or additional reactants. The as-prepared membrane exhibits excellent oil/water separation ability evaluated by water fluxes and oil rejection ratios of various oil/water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsions. Moreover, the outstanding antifouling performance and reusability of the PDA-modified PVDF membrane provide a long-term durability for many potential applications. The modified membrane also exhibits excellent chemical stability in harsh pH environments and mechanical stability for practical applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".