Investigation of thermal-induced strains in flexible pavements based on field data
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thermal-induced strains caused by daily temperature fluctuations are considered to be a direct impact of environmental factors on flexible pavements. This paper investigates thermal-induced strains in the longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions at the bottom of hot mix asphalt (HMA) during a 16 month monitoring period. This study was conducted at the Integrated Road Research Facility (IRRF), which is a fully instrumented test road in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Noticeable variations for horizontal and vertical strains were observed as a function of ambient air temperature change. Results showed that the highest strains occurred in winter and spring, while the most pronounced strain fluctuations were captured during the spring-thaw period. Using the obtained data, coefficients of thermal contraction and expansion were determined during different seasons. It was found that thermal coefficients are different in three directions, illustrating the anisotropic properties of HMA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".