Prospective Canadian Trial In Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients with t(4;14): Bortezomib-Based Therapy without ASCT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abstract 1968 Two previous studies have reported that multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts) with t(4;14), identified by FISH cytogenetics, experience a median progression-free survival (PFS) of only 8–9 mos and median overall survival (OS) of 18 mos when treated with a single ASCT (Chang H, et al. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36: 793; Gertz M, et al. Blood 2005; 106: 2837). On the other hand, the novel agent bortezomib is efficacious in relapsed myeloma pts with t(4;14). Based on these observations, we designed a phase II protocol for newly diagnosed MM pts with t(4;14) that consists of induction with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, bortezomib and dexamethasone (DBD) × 4 cycles, followed by post-induction therapy with oral cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 days 1,8 15, 22 with bortezomib 1.5 mg/m2 days 1,8,15 and prednisone 100 mg q 2 days of a 28-day cycle (CyBor-P) × 8 additional cycles. Maintenance therapy with dexamethasone (dex) 40 mg/month was then administered until progression. Although elective stem cell collection was recommended after induction, routine ASCT was not performed in the absence of disease progression. Between February 2008-July 2010, the bone marrows of 201 newly diagnosed MM pts were screened for t(4;14) in 7 Canadian centers, and 31 (15.4%) were found to be positive by FISH. Five pts did not meet the criteria for symptomatic MM, 4 had received ≥ 2 mos of prior therapy, 1 refused treatment and 2 were ineligible due to peripheral neuropathy or renal failure. Nineteen pts have been entered onto study. One of these was later determined to have a variant abnormality of chromosome 4 but not t(4;14) and underwent ASCT after induction; this pt is included in the safety analysis only. The median age was 60 yrs (45-69) and 53% were male. The median percent nuclei positive for t(4;14) was 26% (3-44%), serum β2-microglobulin was 318 nmol/L (43-1695) and albumin was 36 g/L (28-48); 6 pts had ISS stage 1, 6 had stage 2 and 5 had stage 3 MM. Immunoglobulin subtype included IgGκ (5), IgGλ (4), IgAκ (3), IgAλ (4), λ LC (1) and nonsecretory (1). To date, 15 pts have commenced DBD induction (57 total cycles administered), 12 have started post-induction CyBor-P (67 total cycles) and 6 are on maintenance dex (35 total cycles). Using modified Uniform criteria, the best response in 15 evaluable pts includes: sCR in 3 (20%), CR in 3 (20%), VGPR in 6 (40%), PR in 1 (6.7%) and stable disease in 2 (13.3%). Four have progressed a median of 3 mos (1-11) after commencing induction; one who progressed through DBD remains in nCR 1.5 yrs after salvage D-PACE followed by ASCT and lenalidomide maintenance. Fourteen SAEs occurred, of which 11 were grade 3 and 0 were grade 4; 5 pts developed grade 2 peripheral neuropathy (numbness and tingling) during induction with DBD. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was seen in 2/0 pts, and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 2/1 pts, respectively. Two pts have died, due to MM progression in 1 and complex medical problems including syringomyelia with progressive weakness/ruptured diverticuli/depression in another who withdrew consent despite achieving VGPR with induction. Median follow-up (F/U) is 9.4 mos (1-23). Actuarial PFS is 66% (95% CI 42–100%) and overall survival is 92% (95%CI 79–100%) at 1 year. We conclude: 1) the incidence of t(4;14) by FISH in newly diagnosed MM pts is 15.4% as expected; 2) 26% of newly diagnosed pts with this entity have asymptomatic MM; 3) this bortezomib-based regimen is well-tolerated; 4) the overall response rate (sCR + CR + VGPR + PR) is 87%; 5) preliminarily, the 1-year PFS and OS with this approach compare favorably with reports of single ASCT in t(4;14) positive MM, although longer follow-up is required. Disclosures: Reece: Ortho Biotech: Honoraria, Research Funding. Off Label Use: Bortezomib as first line therapy in myeloma. Chen:Ortho Biotech: Honoraria. Kukreti:Ortho Biotech: Honoraria. Anglin:Ortho Biotech: Honoraria. Trudel:Ortho Biotech: Honoraria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".