Profitability on Albanian Supplementary Social Insurance Scheme: "Academic Titles" Case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The social insurance system in Albania is composed of three basic schemes: (i) mandatory scheme functioning on the "pay as you go" basis, (ii) voluntary scheme, protecting individuals who for specific reasons are not involved in the mandatory plan, and (iii) supplementary scheme, covering a specific category of individuals, who perform certain state functions and/or have academic titles. Regardless the classification, the supplementary scheme is a mandatory one. During 2015, Albanian government has revised the contribution rates for the supplementary scheme, as the scheme is suffering a deficit. The aim of this paper is to calculate the average rate of return on the contributions invested in this scheme, referring to the category of individuals having the "Professor" title. The calculations will be based on some actuarial assumptions. The data used in this paper will be of secondary type, based on the official statistics published by respective institutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".