Active, Simple Iridium–Copper Hydrous Oxide Electrocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A series of Ir 1– x Cu x ( x = 0–0.5) hydrous oxide nanoparticles (HO-np) were prepared simply by stirring solutions of IrCl 3 hydrate and CuCl 2 hydrate in aqueous KOH under air. Their water oxidation activities were measured in 0.1 M HClO 4 . The Ir 0.89 Cu 0.11 HO-np was the most active catalyst in the series with mass (Ir) – normalized activity = 142 A g Ir –1 and electrochemically accessible Ir sites normalized activity >180 A mmol Ir –1 (both at 250 mV overpotential). The Ir 0.89 Cu 0.11 HO-nps were stable for 24 h galvanostatic oxidations at 1 mA cm –2 geometric, with only 280 mV overpotential. The average diameter of the Ir 0.89 Cu 0.11 HO-nps was ∼1.30 nm. XPS results suggested that doping with Cu 2+ reduces the overall charge in the lattice, resulting in higher electron density at Ir than in pure Ir HO-np. Preliminary mechanistic investigations showed that the activity enhancement by Cu is not only a surface area effect, and the presence of Cu does not appear to significantly alter the mechanism of the water oxidation reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".