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Record W2589073702 · doi:10.5539/apr.v9n2p21

The Nature of Time

2017· article· en· W2589073702 on OpenAlexvenueno aff
Sydney Baldwin Self

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Physics Research · 2017
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicRelativity and Gravitational Theory
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEvent (particle physics)Time dilationPhysicsComputer scienceTheoretical physicsTheory of relativityQuantum mechanics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

I. Special relativity does not address the fact that time must exist on lifeless worlds. It only addresses time that is observed, which requires that observers be present.II. The time that exists on lifeless worlds can be termed physical time.III. The failure to recognize the existence of physical time has resulted in a view of time that is contrived, overly simplistic and contains irrational conclusions which are not experimentally supported.IV. On worlds where conscious life exists, both physical time and observed time exist. The characteristics of physical time and of observed time are very different.V. Physical time has the following attributes:a. Each physical event is associated with physical time.b. The attributes of absolute time, ‘now’ and time dilation are associated with every physical event.c. All physical events occur during ‘now’. d. A physical event results in a change to physical reality.e. The frame of reference associated with a physical event is universal.f. In order to be observed, a physical event must have an associated observed event.VI. Observed time has the following attributes.a. Every observed event is associated with observed time.b. An observed event can only occur as the result of a physical event.c. Multiple observations can be associated with a single physical event.d. The attribute of ‘now’ and a frame of reference are associated with every observed event.VII. The duration of physical ‘now’ is a Planck time which is also the unit of measure for absolute time and time dilation.VIII. Time dilation is computed using the Lorentz transformation.IX. The statement regarding time dilation “When two observers are in relative uniform motion and uninfluenced by any gravitational mass, the point of view of each will be that the other's (moving) clock is ticking at a slower rate than the local clock” is mathematically, experimentally and logically wrong.X. During physical ‘now’ a particle may move through space or it may move through time; which it does is a probability based on the speed of the particle expressed as a percentage of the speed of light.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.847
Threshold uncertainty score0.899

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.037
GPT teacher head0.388
Teacher spread0.351 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2017
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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