Deep Soil Mixing Column Supported At-Grade Track Slab and Single-Span Bridge Transit Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Evergreen Line rapid transit project (ELRTP) is located in the lower mainland of British Columbia, a region that is prone to earthquakes. The transit line travels along a dedicated right-of-way through three municipalities and has varying site conditions. A 1.8 km long segment of the line travels at-grade and is founded on liquefiable soils that are likely to experience lateral spreading displacements during the design seismic event. To mitigate the risk of large lateral spread, ground improvements were done by constructing deep soil mixing (SMX) columns to support the at-grade guideway. During the design development, steel pipe piles were also considered for support of the track slab. SMX columns were chosen due to construction efficiencies and their ability to meet the repairable damage performance requirement. SMX columns are constructed by auguring cement slurry into the soil. The guideway structure is composed of a continuously reinforced concrete track slab, and includes twin, single-span precast box-girder bridges, which span over a creek. During a seismic event, there is potential for loss of soil support below the track slab between the multi-column SMX panels. The slab is designed to span consecutive SMX panels and will remain elastic under lateral seismic loading.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".