Effect of Growth Solution Concentration on the Performance of Boron Doped ZnO Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Synthesis parameter plays important role in modifying physical property of metal oxide films which serve as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This paper reports the synthesis of boron doped ZnO nanostructures via seed mediated growth hydrothermal technique and their application as photanode in DSSC. The growth process was carried out at various solution concentrations, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 M. The solution contains 1 % wt. dimethyl borate as boron source, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) surfactant and zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2). The samples are crystalline with wurtzite phase. The morphological shape of the samples changes with the growth solution concentration. The optical absorption increases as the concentration increases. However, the band gap does not significantly change with the concentration. The DSSC utilizing the ZnO sample prepared at 0.1 M solution performs the best photovoltaic parameters with the JSC of 0.969 mA cm-2, FF of 0.48 and η of 0.222%, respectively since it shows the highest absorption and lowest photoluminescence in visible region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".