The new nature: Limitations and prospects of the paleoenvironmental tradition in biogeography in the 21<sup>st</sup> century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Paleoenvironmental research is an important component of biogeography. The profound environmental changes wrought by human activity over the past 300 years challenge the previous focus on past “natural” systems and the use of past environmental conditions to anticipate future anthropogenic environmental changes. In many cases, due to profound environmental changes brought on by humans, the past may not be the key to the present nor the future. Jettisoning strict nature‐human distinctions and uniformitarianistic expectations of past environmental analogues for current and future conditions does, however, open the door to a multitude of important research questions for biogeographers working in the paleoenvironmental tradition. Embracing research programs that seek to use paleoenvironmental records to inform questions of human‐environment interactions not only provides individuals with new research opportunities, but also can serve to strengthen bonds within the discipline. La nouvelle nature : les limites et perspectives de la tradition paléoenvironnementale en biogéographie au XXIe siècle La recherche paléoenvironnementale est l'un des principaux volets de la biogéographie. Les profondes mutations de l'environnement causées par l'activité humaine des 300 dernières années remettent en question, d'une part, la perspective traditionnelle sur les systèmes « naturels » antérieurs et, d'autre part, l'utilisation des conditions environnementales du passé pour prévoir les tendances en matière de changements environnementaux anthropiques. Dans de nombreux cas, en raison des profondes mutations de l'environnement provoquées par les humains, le passé pourrait ne pas être garant ni du présent ni du futur. En supprimant la séparation nette de la nature et des humains et le principe de l'uniformitarisme qui postule que les conditions environnementales du passé correspondent à celles d'aujourd'hui et de demain, on dégage une panoplie de grandes questions de recherche pour les biogéographes travaillant dans la tradition paléoenvironnementale. L'adoption de programmes de recherche qui envisagent d'utiliser les archives paléoenvironnementales pour éclairer les questions sur les interactions entre les humains et l'environnement offre non seulement de nouvelles avenues de recherche, mais peut aussi servir à renforcer les liens disciplinaires.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.021 | 0.018 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.043 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.015 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".