A Word from the Guest Editors/Un mot des éditrices invitées
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The armed conflict in Syria and the mass displacement of Syrians have brought attention to the plight of refugees worldwide.In October 2015, Canada entered the spotlight of international attention when the newly elected Canadian Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau, confirmed the Canadian government's commitment to resettle not the expected 11,000 but more than 25,000 Syrian refugees across Canada.The Canadian government, along with various key community organizations, stakeholders, and a concerned public, has shown a great deal of interest and compassion toward the settlement and integration of Syrian refugees into Canadian society.Refugees have always been present in our ESL classes.As signatory to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees in 1951, Canada has a legal obligation to grant protection to convention refugees and other persons in need of protection.Although Canada's history is replete with discriminatory immigration policies such as the 1911 Black exclusion policies, the Chinese head tax, a 1914 Continuous Journey regulation that effectively barred South Asians from entry, internment camps for Japanese-Canadians during World War II, and anti-Semitic laws refusing entry to Jewish refugees, by the 1960s the economic contribution of immigrants to Canada had become evident.Thus, during the 1960s and early 1970s, Citizenship and Immigration Canada implemented a new point system to eliminate racial discrimination, allowing up to 250,000 new immigrants in the Skilled Worker category to enter Canada annually.Furthermore, with the passage of the Canadian Multiculturalism Act of 1971 and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in 1982, Canada's humanitarian and compassionate ideologies were forever engrained in the fabric of its society.In 1972, Canada opened its door to 6,000 Ugandan refugees fleeing after Idi Amin's 90-day expulsion order.This marked Canada's first effort in accepting a significant number of racialized refugees that were welcomed by the government and the Canadian public.In 1979-1980, Canada once again opened its door to more than 60,000 Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Laotian refugees.The arrival of these refugees brought a unified sense of compassion among Canadians, many of whom were themselves of immigrant descent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.034 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.052 | 0.046 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".