CLA isomer t10,c12 induce oxidation and apoptosis in 3t3 adipocyte cells in a similar effect as omega-3 linolenic acid and DHA.
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Commercial conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) dietary supplements of contain an equal mixture of the C18:2 isomers, cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12. CLA-c9t11 occurs naturally in meat and dairy products as the dominant CLA at 75%, whereas the CLA-t10c12 occurs at <1%. CLA-c9t11 generally promotes lipid accumulation but CLA-t10c12 inhibits lipid accumulation and may promote inflammation.Methods: Purified CLA-c9t11 and CLA-t10c12 were added to 3T3 mature adipocyte cultures at 100uM concentrations and compared with 100uM C18:3(n-3) (α-linolenic acid) and 50uM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to study their effect on growth, gene transcription and general oxidation. The results of 4 separate trials were averaged and compared for significance using one way ANOVA and Student’s t-test.Results: C18:3(n-3), DHA and CLA-t10c12 were inhibitory to 3t3 adipose cell growth and caused significant lipid hydro peroxide activity. CLA-t10c12 and c9t11 increased AFABP, FAS and ACOX1 mRNA expression but DHA and C18:3(n-3) decreased the same mRNAs. CLA-c9t11 but not the t10c12 stimulated adipoQ expression even though; c9t11 had only a slightly greater affinity for PPARγ than CLA- t10c12. The expression of the xenobiotic metabolism genes, aldo-keto reductase 1c1 (akr1c1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and inflammation chemokine secretions of eotaxin (CCL11), Rantes (CCL5), MIG (CCL9) and MCP-1 were increased by DHA, C18:3(n-3) and CLA-t10c12. This correlated with apoptosis factors, caspase 3, Bcl-2 and BAXs which were partially reduced by co-treatment with lipophilic anti-oxidant α-tocopherol.Conclusions: Based on this evidence, CLA-t10c12 promoted more reactive oxygen species (ROS) than CLAc9t11, in a similar effect as C18:3(n-3) and DHA. In response, cascades of genes are activated to deal with the potentially damaging effects of ROS through detoxification, inflammation or apoptosis.Keywords: CLA-t10c12, CLA-c9t11, gene expression, adipocyte lipid hydroperoxide, DHA,3T3 adipocytes, apoptosis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it