Optimized AC electrothermal micromixing design for biofluid systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrokinetic fluid delivery techniques have many applications in biofluid transport systems. Among those, the electrothermal fluid transport technique is a highly effective method for fluids with high conductivities, in the order of 0.02- 1 S/m. The ACET phenomenon has been mainly reported in the literature for micropumping and micromixing applications using coplanar asymmetric electrode arrays at the bottom of a microchannel. Recently, a novel ACET micropump based on a multi-electrode array system was reported. In this micropump, multiple asymmetric electrode arrays located on different sidewalls of the microchannel were utilized. Following this work, we implemented the same concept for a micromixing mechanism. For the sake of simplicity, only two coplanar microelectrode pairs, on the top and bottom of a 2D micro chamber, were considered. By applying different species concentration at one corner of the chamber, mixing of the fluid can be characterized throughout the chamber area. Simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics. The results showed that using opposed asymmetric microelectrode pairs can provide a 74% decrease in the mixing time compared to identical pairs. Also, a chamber which has two electrode pairs, can have a 67% decrease in mixing time compared to one which has only one pair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".