Expression, Regulation, and Promoter Activation of Vanin-2 in Bovine Preovulatory Follicles During the Ovulatory Process Induced by hCG.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The LH midcycle surge triggers the ovulatory process during which changes in gene expression in the follicle are observed. The spatiotemporal regulation of vanin-2 (VNN2; also known as glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored protein 80; GPI-80) gene was investigated during the periovulatory interval, and signals involved in the activation of VNN2 promoter were characterized. Total RNA was extracted from granulosa cells (GC) obtained from bovine follicles collected at different developmental stages (small ≤2 mm, dominant [DF] and ovulatory follicles [OF] 24 h post-hCG), and corpora lutea from Day 5 of the estrous cycle. Results from RT-PCR analyses showed that VNN2 mRNA increased by 16-fold (P < 0.0001) in OF, as compared to DF. Follicular walls obtained from OF collected from various times after hCG treatment (0,6,12,18,24 h) revealed a marked induction of VNN2 mRNA from 12 h post-hCG, as compared to 0 h (P < 0.05). Similar induction was also observed in primary cultures of GC treated with forskolin (FSK). Deletion studies indicated that the minimal promoter region of -530 bp (+1 = transcription initiation site) was necessary to confer basal and FSK-stimulated promoter activities in GC. Site-directed mutagenesis and DNA binding assays showed functional importance of COUP-TF, GATA, and Ebox elements for the promoter activity. The latter activity was highly affected by the treatment with inhibitors of PKA (H89), ERK1/2 (U0126) or EGFR tyrosine kinase (AG1478), but not by p38 MAPK (SB203580) nor PI3K/Akt. We report for the first time the gonadotropin-dependent up-regulation of VNN2 transcripts in ovarian follicles during the ovulatory process, and the molecular basis of VNN2 transactivation in GC. (Supported by NSERC of Canada.) (poster)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".