Population Structure of the Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park, Alaska
Bibliographic record
Abstract
White-nose syndrome (WNS) has become a serious disease affecting hibernating bats in North America. Caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), this disease causes cutaneous lesions that disrupt aspects of physiological regulation controlled primarily through the wings. The extent to which this disease has spread and affected bats may exceed any previous known mortality event in mammals. Since its discovery in 2006, WNS has spread to 28 states and 5 Canadian provinces and affects seven hibernating species, with an estimate of over six million bats killed. In order to understand pathogen dispersal, information about host connectivity must be known. Data on the individual movements and contact rates of bats are hard to collect, and therefore studies of population structure and gene flow have been used as a proxy for pathogen dispersal. The little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) is one of the most common and widely distributed bats in North America. As one of the important dispersers of Pd, understanding their connectivity is important in estimating the spread of WNS across North America. Much has been learned about little brown bats in North America since the emergence of WNS, however there is little known about M. lucifugus in Alaska. This current lack of knowledge represents a serious obstacle to its conservation in the face of WNS. Our study focuses on patterns of diversity and population structure of M. lucifugus in Alaska. Using microsatellite genotypes, we estimated genetic diversity parameters and determined the number of distinct genetic clusters present within little brown bats sampled from Wrangell-St. Elias National Park.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".