Base64Geo: an efficient data structure and transmission format for large, dense, scalar GIS datasets
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We describe Base64Geo, a data structure and transmission format for large-scale, dense, scalar GIS datasets. Base64Geo encodes a rectangular grid of scalar GIS values as an array of strings, where each character is in the range [0 − 9A − Z a − z + /]. Each string represents the values on a specific latitude value, read west to east; the strings themselves are arranged south to north. The resulting structure gives a wire format for data transmission that is two orders of magnitude more efficient than standard GIS and a compact database structure that is searched with simple string operations. Disk dataset size is reduced by an order of magnitude over a corresponding CSV structure, and by two orders of magnitude over an indexed GIS database. Search times on the string-based Base64Geo dataset are an order of magnitude smaller than search times from a quad-tree based searcher on the same dataset.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it