Assessment of Corroded Rock Bolts with Pulse Echo Tests
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visual inspection of rock bolts could give some indications on their condition and performance. However, it might be misleading because most of the rock bolts are embedded in concrete or grouted in rock mass. Nondestructive methods have to be used for a proper diagnosis of the condition of rock bolts. This study deals with the determination and the location of the corrosion in rock bolts embedded in concrete using a pulse-echo test. Complementary tests were performed using an acoustic emission (AE) test, and measuring the mass loss from corrosion current. Pulse-echo test results showed that a decrease of the energy of the back echo and the trailing wall echo is indicative of the corrosion state. This method enables locating the flaws associated with the corrosion of rock bolts by the calculation of the normalized energy ratio between the echoes coming from the threads of healthy and corroded rock bolts. Results of acoustic emission and imposed electrochemical potential provide information on the corrosion initiation. This research indicates that the pulse-echo is an effective measurement technique for corrosion detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".