Decreased Appetite after High-Intensity Exercise Correlates with Increased Plasma Interleukin-6 in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Boys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the effects of HIEX-induced inflammatory and stress biomarkers on appetite control and body weight have not been reported in children or adults. The objective of this study was to describe the effects of acute HIEX at 70% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) on postexercise appetite and selective biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and appetite regulatory hormones in normal-weight (NW) and in overweight/obese boys. NW (n = 11) and overweight/obese (n = 11) boys aged 10–18 y were randomly assigned in a crossover design to either rest or HIEX. Visual analog scale appetite ratings and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured after HIEX or rest. Appetite increased from baseline to 110 min (P < 0.001), but was lower after HIEX (P = 0.04), with no difference between body weight groups. HIEX also resulted in lower active ghrelin (P < 0.001) and increased interleukin-6 (IL-6; P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.001), and cortisol (P < 0.001) concentrations, independent of body weight. It increased blood glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P = 0.028) concentrations in NW but not overweight and obese boys. Leptin, glucagon-like peptide 1, peptide tyrosine tyrosine, C-reactive protein, and cortisol were not affected by HIEX. An inverse correlation was found between IL-6 and appetite (r = −0.379; P = 0.012), but not any other biomarkers. HIEX resulted in reduced appetite that correlated with an increase in IL-6 in both NW and overweight/obese boys. However, although a role for IL-6 in the response can be suggested, the suppression of appetite was potentially mediated by the decrease in active ghrelin and/or increase in cortisol. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02619461.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".