Properties of cellulose nanocrystal films and powder in the terahertz frequency regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relative permittivity (real and imaginary component), absorption coefficient, and loss tangent of various cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films, a dissolving pulp film, and a CNC powder are obtained by performing terahertz (THz) transmission spectroscopy experiments. The CNC films are constructed using different drying techniques (i.e. air-drying and freeze-drying) and are made from CNCs that have been extracted from various sources (i.e. hardwood, softwood, and dissolving pulp). Between frequencies of 0.2 and 1.5 THz, the real component of the permittivity is seen to range from 1.8-3.3 for the CNC films, suggesting that both the drying technique and CNC source material influence this dielectric property. Importantly, the CNC films are shown to exhibit relatively small THz absorption and loss tangent properties, such that CNC-based dielectric mirrors, waveguides, and transistors may be achieved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".