The Influence of Economic Value Added and Return on Assets on Created Shareholders Value: A Comparative Study in Jordanian Public Industrial Firms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study has two main objectives. The first one is to address the relationship between Economic Value Added (EVA) and Created Shareholders Value (CSV) in Jordanian public industrial firms (JPIF), comparing to the Return on Assets (ROA) over the period 2011-2015. The second objective is to address the possible superiority of EVA to ROA by explaining the changes in CSV for JPIF. In this study, CSV is measured using two models; Fernandez model and market value added model. Multiple and simple regressions were used in the study. These analyses have shown, generally, that the superiority of EVA in predicting and evaluating the CSV could be put into a conclusive and positive light compared to ROA. However, the results suggested that one financial measure cannot be enough to measure neither CSV nor firms’ performance. Therefore, this study highly recommends that JPIF use a combination of different measure in assessing and evaluating their value and performance, especially modern indicators.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".