Local Labour and Global Capital: A Historical Perspective on Nepali Migration to India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Every year hundreds of thousands of Nepali peasants leave their hill villages for the plains of India, where they end up working some of the most wretched jobs. Migration is an integral part of their life experience. Almost like an annual ritual with its own rhythm and cycle, it has now turned into a time-honoured rite of passage for countless paharis (Nepali hill people). For some, migration is the mainstay of family survival, whereas for others it is a source of supplementary income. Irrespective of how one views it, there is no doubt that without it, social reproduction of the hills would be in jeopardy. Yet studies of Nepali labour migration to India are scanty, especially those conducted from a historical perspective and in the context of labour-capital relations. Analysis of labour migration cannot be separated from its capitalist relations, nor can it be carried out in isolation from its historical roots if we are to paint a fuller picture of its contemporary manifestations and trends. Working from...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".