Extended Spectrum Beta- Lactamases: A Minireview of Clinical Relevant Groups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes that hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring of Beta-lactam antibiotics rendering the organism resistant. ESBL prevalence is still increasing across the globe and have been implicated in hospital acquired infections and complicated urinary tract infections in Canada. TEM, SHV and CTX-M are becoming more common with CTX-M becoming more of importance as it is associated with complicated urinary tract infections. A variety of detection methods can be used including phenotypical methods, molecular methods and automated methods. Several automated instruments are commercially available to detect phenotypic resistance, recently the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute has altered their breakpoints negating the necessity to perform confirmatory tests. Unfortunately not all of the commercial panels have the ability to detect lower breakpoints. Due to the importance of ESBL producing organisms in both hospital and community acquired infections, the associated increase in cost treating this infections and expanding spread across the globe, there is a need for further research into these enzymes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".