Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Withdrawal of Water-Capped Viscoplastic Fluid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Withdrawal of water-capped viscoplastic fluid was investigated using laboratory experimentation and numerical modeling. The viscoplastic fluid was modeled using a Laponite suspension, which was withdrawn by a vertical pipe intake. Variations of the Laponite–water interface and intake configurations were investigated in this study. The critical submergence, the depth of the intake in the Laponite layer when the upper water begins to withdraw, was studied under different experimental conditions, and the critical depths were measured for different flow rates. An empirical relationship was found between the withdrawal flow rate and the critical submergence. The averaged Laponite velocity was measured at different withdrawal stages to identify the critical stage. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to study the effect of intake structures so that a maximum amount of the Laponite suspension can be withdrawn before the water layer being withdrawn. It was found that a combination of a collar and a cone with an edge length to the intake diameter of 1.5 can increase the pumping duration by 16.7%. The installation of a collar or collar-cone setup can also decrease the disturbance in Laponite layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".