Modulation of Ovarian Reserve Using 4-Vinylcyclohexene Di-Epoxide to Study Anti-Mullerian Hormone as a Biomarker of Follicle Populations.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ovarian reserve, represented by the growing (large primary to antral) and dormant (primordial) follicles, is the most important parameter to determine fertility. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), produced by granulosa cells of growing follicles, is considered as one of the best non-invasive tool to assess ovarian reserve in women. The aim of the present study is to assess serum AMH levels as a biomarker of ovarian reserve, especially for primordial follicles, using exposure to 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), an industrial ovotoxicant product, to manipulate follicle populations. Groups of CD-1 mice were injected with vehicle (DMSO/saline) or VCD (80-160 mg/kg/d) to induce dose-dependent depletion of primordial and small primary follicles (targets of VCD). Mice were sacrificed 21, 41 and 61 days after the first injection. Body and organ weights showed no toxicity of VCD. We observed a significant decrease of small follicles (primordial and small primary) in all VCD-treated groups at all times examined compared to controls (p<0.05). Growing follicles decrease significantly at 41d (secondary) and 61d (secondary and antral) in VCD-treated groups examined compared to controls (p<0.05). Circulating AMH of VCD-treated groups decreased significantly on days 41 and 61 relative to control groups (p<0.05). Ovarian protein levels of pro-AMH and the mature form also declined in VCD-treated mice (41d and 61d). Serum estradiol, another biomarker of ovarian reserve, was not significantly changed in VCD-treated mice relative to control mice at any time point (p>0.05). With all treatment groups combined, serum AMH levels were correlated with primordial follicle numbers (p<0.05), though this was not the case if only VCD-treated mice. Moreover significant correlations are observed between growing follicles and circulating AMH (p<0.05), improving over time, The partial loss of small follicles in treated groups induced a decrease in growing follicles, suggesting that fewer follicles are activated in order to preserve fertility in spite of loss of primordial follicles. Despite its limitations, AMH is a better biomarker of ovarian reserve than estradiol. Serum AMH measurement is a useful tool to assess ovarian reserve, but not to assess rapid changes in primordial follicle numbers, for example from the impact of ovotoxicants on the female reproductive system. (poster)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".