Converting Goods into Cash: An Ethical Approach to Pawnbroking in Early Modern Bologna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’émergence des Monti di Pietà dans les villes italiennes des débuts de la modernité a joué un rôle important en permettant une grande circulation des liquidités dans les portions moins nanties du marché. À travers le prêt sur gage, le Monte offrait la possibilité de transformer temporairement en argent liquide les petites richesses non-monétaires, à divers degrés de l’échelle sociale. Le Monte a ainsi contribué à l’expansion du crédit, et exercé une importante fonction anticyclique dans les économies locales. En puisant dans les archives d’une de ces institutions les plus prospères — le Monte de Bologne —, cet article explore l’étendue de ce phénomène, l’importance des montants en jeu, la variété des biens mis en gage, ainsi que l’impressionnante variété des clients. Au sommet des activités du Monte, ses clients n’appartenaient plus seulement à la classe des travailleurs pauvres. Toutefois, ce changement n’a pas nuit à l’accessibilité du crédit aux classes pauvres, mais a plutôt contribué à ce que ces services soit offerts pour moins cher à ceux véritablement dans le besoin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".