Particle agglomeration and fracture in MA 956 and MMC friction joints
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Changes in the particle characteristics produced during friction joining of iron–based MA 956 and aluminium alloy 6061/Al2O3 (W6A.lOA–T6) material are investigated. Large irregularly–shaped particles are formed at the bondline in MA 956/MA 956 joints while particle fragmentation is observed in MMC/MMC joints. It is suggested that fluid flow promotes the retention of agglomerated (Y2O3, Al2O3, Ti(CN)) particles and fractured Al2O3 particles at the bondline regions in MA 956/MA 956 and MMC/MMC joints. There was excellent correspondence between numerically calculated fluid flow patterns in Al/Al friction joints and the movement of reinforcing Al2O3 particles in actual friction welded joints. In particular, Al2O3 particles were transferred from the location near the joint periphery towards the component centreline when MMC wires were inserted in an alloy 6061–T6 substrate prior to 6061/6061 friction joining.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".