Clash at Clayoquot: Manifestations of Colonial and Indigenous Power in Pre-Settler Colonial Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distinction between “settler colonialism” and “conquest colonialism,” f irst articulated by Patrick Wolfe, has added nuance to the way historians have approached and understood the process of newcomer occupation of lands, displacement of indigenous people, and colonization of both. This scholarship has also opened a historiographical door inviting others to revisit the earlier fur-trade era—a time prior to full-blown settler colonialism during which colonial projections of military power were common. This article examines one particularly violent incident in this liminal period in North American colonialism—the largely overlooked 1792 deadly raid on a Nuu-chah-nulth settlement on Vancouver Island by British traders on the ship Butterworth. Using previously unavailable journals left by American observers of the incident, this article contributes to the re-situating of the scholarship of colonial encounters by highlighting the ways that these journal fragments open new interpretative opportunities. These texts allow us to better understand conquest and colonial relationships with indigenous people and especially the role that violence and ethnocentrism played on all sides. To assist future researchers, the authors have provided complete transcripts and created a map of the portions of the journals that describe this important clash at Clayoquot.1
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".