Life Course, Households and Institutions: Brazil and Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyzes how increases in life expectancy have, in several ways, reorganized the individual life-course during the last century ( 1900-1990) in Brazil and Mexico. In each society, couple and family relationships, domestic positions, household’s composition and structure, domestic resources and institutional mediations are in interplay with survival and generational patterns. A higher life expectancy extends the duration of the individual trajectories, successive cohorts of men and women survive longer, different generations survive together, differences by gender emerge, and domestic relationships conform a mix of types of households. The household structure has changed while people survive until advanced ages, their adult children leave the parents’ household and older people live alone as a couple and then, after the death of one of the partners, they live as a widow or widower. On the other hand, socioeconomic and institutional conditions are different in each society, drafting specific settings that can promote or limit the household members’ opportunities. Individuals of different cohorts reproduce norms and resources according to different phases of the demographic transition and institutional properties in specific historical time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".