Regulation of Angiogenesis at the Maternal-Fetal Interface: Insights from Porcine Pregnancy Success or Failure.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Commercial meat pigs experience two waves of spontaneous fetal loss during early and mid gestation of their 114-day pregnancy. Poor blood supply to the placenta is considered a participating cause. The key points that we focus on are; contribution of endometrial lymphocytes to the gestational angiogenesis, expression of pro-inflammatory chemokines and decoy receptor and defining the functions of immature dendritic cells (DC-SIGN+) at the healthy and arresting conceptus attachment sites. Gilts (virgin or gestation days 20, and 50 (n=4/group)) were studied. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF-receptors (I, II), placenta growth factor (PlGF), hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was quantified by real time PCR in 500-laser capture microdissected endometrial lymphocytes (LY) or endothelial cells (EC) and compared with intact endometrium or trophoblasts. Similarly, several pro-inflammatory chemokines and their decoy receptor, D6 were quantified in endometrial biopsies and trophoblasts using Q-PCR. DC-SIGN+ dendritic cells were characterized using anti-human DC-SIGN antibody and captured by LCM to evaluate their angiogenic profile. VEGF family related proteins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and special stains were used to examine endometrial vasculature. LY, EC, endometrial biopsies and trophoblasts expressed all VEGF members and HIF-1α but relative transcription varied with gestational age and implantation site viability. LY, EC and endometrium obtained from arresting attachment sites had fewer transcripts than samples from healthy sites. Endometrial angiogenesis appeared to be more robustly promoted by LY than by trophoblasts in healthy sites. Elevated transcription of IFN-γ and TNF-α accompanied fetal arrest. Generally pro-inflammatory chemokines and D6 decoy receptor were found to be elevated in sites with fetal arrest. Similar to endometrial lymphocytes, DC-SIGN+ DCs transcribe VEGF and its two receptors and their expression is lower at arresting conceptus attachment sites. These results suggest that peri-implantation and midgestation fetal losses can be lymphocyte-promoted processes involving endometrial vascular failure and coordinated onset of inflammation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".