From Criminal to Social Justice: An Analysis of Legitimizing Discourses in the Judicialization of Homelessness in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Based on extensive fieldwork conducted in five Canadian cities between 2008 and 2011, this article proposes an analysis of the different representations and discourses held by judges and prosecutors with respect to homelessness and in particular, with respect to the legitimacy of using the criminal justice system to deal with homelessness. Relying on such judicial representations and discourses, the article presents three possible configurations or models of doing justice. Using Bourdieu’s theory of symbolic violence, it ultimately addresses the issue of how the criminal justice system succeeds in maintaining its authority and hegemony as a conflict resolution system as well as its role in reproducing social inequalities in a neoliberal state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.030 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.060 | 0.058 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.017 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".