Research-oriented ground investigation projects at Changi, Singapore
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Changi East Reclamation projects in Singapore were implemented in five phases starting from 1991 and completed in 2005. Due to the excessive magnitude of settlement likely to occur over a long period of duration caused by the consolidation process, an extensively large area was required to be improved using ground improvement techniques to accelerate the consolidation process. The planning and implementation of site investigation works for land reclamation projects is discussed in this paper. An accurate and extensive geotechnical characterisation of underlying soft compressible marine clay was undertaken as part of this project. The geotechnical characterisation was undertaken using site investigation, specialised laboratory testing and specialised in situ testing. Correlations were obtained using empirical methods, which will be useful for future use such as correlations between classification parameters as well as specialised in situ test parameters and strength and compressibility parameters of Singapore marine clay at Changi, Singapore. This paper presents how the research-oriented ground investigation projects were implemented for this mega land reclamation project in the Republic of Singapore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".