The Birth of the Modern Canadian Army: Canadian Troops during the First World War, 1914–1918
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lethal environment of the First World War, which was constantly sustained by emerging technologies as well as improvements on older existing technologies, demanded rapid evolutionary adaptation in order for Allied troops to survive. The Canadian method of waging war and its command and control process that evolved as a result were driven by the innovative reorganizations of the Canadian Corps command system between 1916 and 1918 and the development of command techniques and applications that recognized the limitations of technology and worked around them. This article argues that improvements in training, doctrine, and organization were implemented successfully, not by the fighting men of the Canadian Corps, but by its commanders, who in turn were served admirably by their staff. The result was an elite and highly professional fighting formation of which all Canadians can justifiably be proud, and which subsequently formed the foundation of the modern Canadian Army.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.046 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".