Nuclear localization of NF-kappaB p65 in primary prostate tumors is predictive of pelvic lymph node metastases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
10077 Background: Pelvic lymph node metastases are associated with a greater risk of prostate cancer recurrence and peripheral metastasis. Unfortunately, markers predictive of lymph node metastasis and/or recurrence after radical prostatectomy are limited and new molecular markers are needed to identify patients at higher risk of progression. NF-kB (p65) is a candidate molecular marker already associated with poor clinical outcomes such as biochemical recurrence and bone metastasis. We have also reported elevated nuclear p65 expression in prostate cancer lymph node metastasis. Pertinent to this issue, we tested whether the nuclear localization of p65 in radical prostatectomy specimens could predict the presence of lymph node metastases. Methods: Following informed consent, 51 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were included in the study: 20 patients had lymph node metastasis at surgery and 31 patients had no evidence of lymph node metastasis and were used as the control group. All cases in the control group had no biochemical relapse 5 years following radical prostatectomy. NF-kB expression in prostate tumor sections was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal NF-kB p65 antibody. The relation between nuclear p65 expression in primary tumors and lymph node metastasis was tested in univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: Primary tumors of metastatic patients had an average of 21.25% of tumor cells with nuclear p65 expression as opposed to 9.42% of tumor cells of control patients (p=0.001). Univariate Cox regression demonstrated a 7.5% increased risk of having lymph node metastases for each percent increase in p65 nuclear staining (p=0.003). In the multivariate model, after controlling for pre-operative PSA (p=0.175), Gleason patterns (p=0.382), pathological stage (p=0.436), extracapsular extension (p=0.243) and seminal vesicle invasion (p=0.016), nuclear p65 was associated with an 8.8% increased risk for lymph node metastases (p=0.024). Conclusion: In univariate and multivariate analyses, p65 nuclear expression was strongly predictive of lymph node invasion. We propose that nuclear NF-kB (p65) may serve as a useful independent molecular marker for stratifying patients at risk for lymph node metastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".