Fluxes of CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, and kinetics of denitrification in disturbed and undisturbed forest soil in India
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Raut, N., Sitaula, B. K., Bakken, L. R. and Dörsch, P. 2014. Fluxes of CH4, N2O, and kinetics of denitrification in disturbed and undisturbed forest soil in India. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 237–249. Soil disturbance due to grazing has been severe in Indian forests. This may alter ecosystem functions such as the cycling of nitrogen, and may hence affect the emission of greenhouse gases. We measured fluxes of CH4and N2O with a closed chamber technique throughout one year in a forest of Western Ghats, Karnataka state, southwest India and determined the product stoichiometry of denitrification under standard anoxic incubations in soil samples from disturbed and undisturbed forest. In both areas, there was a net flux of CH4from the atmosphere to the soil, and the undisturbed forest soil was a stronger sink for CH4than the disturbed (P<0.05). The accumulated CH4uptake averaged for all four seasons was 1.5 times higher in undisturbed than disturbed forest. Contrary to our expectation, the N2O emission was significantly higher for undisturbed than for disturbed forest (P<0.05). The accumulated N2O emission averaged for all four seasons was 1.6 times higher in undisturbed than disturbed forest. Together our data suggest that increase of N2O release and decrease in CH4sink in soil induced by grazing disturbance can affect the global warming potential (GWP) of forest in this region. The incubation study showed a strong correlation between oxic respiration rate (R) and subsequent denitrification rate (D) and the ratio D/R was 1:3 and 1:6 for soil from undisturbed and disturbed soils, respectively. The N2O/(N2+N2O) product ratio of denitrification tended to be higher in undisturbed than disturbed site, despite lower soil pH.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".