Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Granulosa Cells of the Dominant Follicle of Dairy Cows.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is known that folic acid and vitamin B12 are involved in the methylation cycle, purine and pyrimidine synthesis, and consequently DNA synthesis and cell division. Also, vitamin B12 plays a major role for the entry of propionate in the Krebs cycle and gluconeogenesis. The present experiment was undertaken to determine effects of folic acid and vitamin B12 on the granulosa cells gene expression of the dominant follicle of lactating dairy cows. Cows received weekly intramuscular injections of 320 mg folic acid and 10 mg of vitamin B12 or phosphate buffered saline 0.9%. Injections began three weeks before until 9 weeks after calving. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 12 blocks of 2 cows. Granulosa cells populations from individual follicles were collected by ovarian puncture on day 57 ± 3 days post-partum, more precisely 66 hours after a second injection of PGF2 a.The gene expression analysis of granulosa cell populations was conducted on EmbryoGENE Bovine Microarray (n=3) in dye swap. Microarray data analyses were performed by LIMMA (log 2x fold change and adjusted p-value threshold 0. 05). Microarray analysis revealed that 322 genes were differentially expressed. Results indicated that the treatment resulted in a lower expression of genes associated with cell cycle (Cyclin B1, Cyclin A2 and PLK4). Furthermore, results indicated a higher expression of genes associated with ovulation (ACE2, SERPINA 5). Results of microarray and RT-QPCR could be an indication that the dominant follicles of cows treated with vitamin B12 and folic acid undergo an earlier cell differentiation compared to control cows. To validate this hypothesis, genetic biomarkers whose expression varies temporally depending on the LH surge were used. Gene expressions of TIMP2 and TNFAIP6 increase 6 hours after LH surge versus 2 hours pre-LH. Results indicated a higher expression of TIMP2 and TNFAIP6 genes in granulosa cells. Finally, results suggest that the dominant follicles of animals given vitamin B12 and folic acid have had a faster follicular growth and are better prepared for ovulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".