External Resources and Savings Rate: A Pooled Mean Group Analysis for Developing Countries
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To examine the effect of external resources on savings dynamics, this paper employs the pooled mean group (PMG) technique to a large sample of 65 developing countries over the period of 1970 to 2009. The panel results for all the countries together suggest that approximately 33% of domestic savings are displaced by the inflow of external resources. Similar results are also found when regional panels (SubSaharan Africa, Asia and the Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean) are estimated. Additionally, foreign aid is found to have a stronger effect on domestic savings than private financial flows. All types of external flows are insignificant in determining the savings ratio in the Middle East and North Africa. These results have important implications for developing countries, in particular during the period of global recession. Specific attention to these results is necessary in developing countries to ensure a successful mobilization of domestic resources to support existing investment projects and other development programs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it