TSPY Gene Copy Number and Levels of mRNA for TSPY and Cell Cycle, Meiosis and Early Male Germ Cell Marker Genes in Holstein Bulls.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded (TSPY) is present in varying gene copy number in both human and cattle. Copy number variation of TSPY has been linked to spermatogenesis and is hypothesized to be a potential indicator of male fertility although there is limited data on TSPY expression in testicular tissue. Mice have only a single, non-functional TSPY gene whereas cattle have multiple functional copies and since slaughterhouse testicular material is readily available, cattle are a better model species for TSPY analyses. This study aims to compare TSPY copy number and mRNA transcript levels with that of various genes related to cell cycle and meiosis in Holstein bulls. To do this we measured TSPY copy number in DNA extracted from blood (n=51) and TSPY expression in total mRNA extracted from testicular tissue (n=26) with real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Our results show that TSPY copy number is negatively correlated to TSPY mRNA expression in the testis (r=-0.694, p<0.0001). We also found negative correlations of TSPY copy number and positive correlations of TSPY mRNA expression with various cell cycle genes (CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1), meiotic genes (RAD51, SYCP3 and MLH1) and markers of early germ cells (UCHL1, TRPC2). Based on our results, it appears that TSPY expression may represent a good marker of early male germ cells. The negative correlation that we found between TSPY copy number and TSPY expression may have useful applications; TSPY copy number could be measured in blood to predict the amount of early germ cells in individual bulls. Supported by National Sciences Engineering and Research Council grant 364747-08; Canadian Research Chair program; and L'Alliance Boviteq Inc. (poster)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".