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Record W2596632932

The New Generation Of The Hydrocarbon Refrigerant

2005· article· en· W2596632932 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
P'. Hendro

Bibliographic record

VenueGadjah Mada University Library (Gadjah Mada University) · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRefrigerantHydrocarbonPetroleum engineeringGeologyChemistryEngineeringGas compressorOrganic chemistry
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

CFCs such as Freon 11,12, 22 and HCFCs such as Freon 22 are the refrigerant that depletion the Ozone, and so their production/consumption will be phased on under international legislation ( Montreal Protocol, Vienna Treaty, Kyoto Protocol, Keppres 1992, Kepmen.Deperindag 1998, SNI 06-6500/65011/65012- 2000) . Depletion of the ozone, that mean the increasing the amount of ultra violet light that reach us, this increases the incidence of skin cancer, eye cataract and reduces crop yields, etc\nThe new generation of the hydrocarbon refrigerant is MusiCool, because of The production by Pertamina near The Musi River in Palembang. To replaces the CFCs, HCFCs , there are several alternative refrigerants. It are HFCs (hydro Flouro Carbons) and Hydrocarbons (CA) refrigerant ( Petrozon, Musi Cool). Petrozon and MusiCool are produced by Pertamina, its blend of butane, isobutane, propane. But MusiCool is a new product (2004) of the Indonesian hydrocarbon refrigerant and are produced by Pertamina, Plaju South Sumatera.\nMusiCool is natural refrigerant, its environmental friendly and at least the performance as well as CFC/HCFC, and in many cases running costs from electricity consumption will reduces. The comparison of the Global Warming Potential (GWP) base 500 years: MusiCool : HFC134a : CFC-12 = 3 : 1300 : 4000. The Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP): MusiCool : HFC134a: CFC-12 = 0 : 0 : 1 . And The Atmospheric life time (year): MusiCool : HFC134a : CFC-12 = I : 15 : 120 . But the Hydrocarbon refrigerant ( Petrozon, MusiCool) are flammable when mixed with air and was ignited. If the MusiCool concentration in the air is not more than 2%, there is not enough for combustion (self ignition about 473° C).\nThere are a three products of the MusiCool, ie : MC 12, MC 22, and MC 134. The Characteristic of the MC 12 is similar with Freon 12, MC 22 similar with Freon 22 and MC 134 similar with HFC 134a.\n\nKeywords : Hydrocarbon refrigerant, Friendly Ozone, Refrigeration machine.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.026
Threshold uncertainty score0.088

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0260.006

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.132
Teacher spread0.127 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2005
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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