From Bastardy to Equality: The Rights of Nonmartial Children and their Fathers in Comparative Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines nonmarital childbearing, which has become more prevalent in many industrialized nations, as a problem of state regulatory policy. Illegitimacy is here treated as a legal construct that has outlived its justification because discrimination on the basis of birth cannot be reconciled with modern notions of fairness and individual rights. Policies adopted in the U.S. and in Europe are reviewed and evaluated based on the criterion of nondiscrimination. Universal and mandatory paternity establishment, combined with a guarantee of equality in parent-child relationships irrespective of marriage, best protect the interests of non-marital children and their fathers. It is also good social policy in that it affirms procreation and childrearing as joint parental endeavors, protects the child’s right to a relationship with both parents, and furthers some of the state’s interests in marriage by making out-of-wedlock birth similar in its legal and actual consequences to a decision to marry, which the State cannot compel.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".