Gas breakthrough in saturated compacted GaoMiaoZi (GMZ) bentonite under rigid boundary conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a geological repository for disposal of high-level radioactive waste, gas breakthrough is an important phenomenon during a gas migration process in the saturated engineered barrier. In this paper, gas injection, swelling pressure, water permeability, and water retention tests were conducted on saturated compacted GaoMiaoZi (GMZ) bentonite to investigate the gas breakthrough mechanism. Results show that, for saturated GMZ bentonite tested under rigid boundary conditions, the gas breakthrough pressure is significantly larger than the swelling pressure and slightly lower than the gas entry pressure obtained from the water retention characteristic and the van Genuchten model. Gas breakthrough pressure deviates from the swelling pressure and approaches the calculated gas entry pressure as the dry density increases. Mechanical and capillary effects are both important to the gas migration process for specimens with lower dry densities, and the capillary effect becomes more important with the increase of dry density. The desaturation and shrinkage of the specimen will result in unexpectedly high and disordered interfacial gas flux. For specimens with higher dry densities, gas will only flow through interconnected larger pores, then result in minor desaturation–shrinkage of the specimen. Finally, a new model with consideration of both mechanical and capillary effects is proposed, which can accurately predict gas breakthrough pressure for a GMZ bentonite specimen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".