The Ways of Adaptation and Allocation Work Time from Russian Households in the Period of Crisis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper considers gender analysis of time allocation for paid and unpaid work in five different types of Russian households, as well as the ways of adaptation in household features since 1991 (when the Soviet Union was disorganized). Emphasis was given on analysing consequences of the financial crisis in 1998, when many people lost their jobs and most Russian families lost their life savings. The ways of adaptation varied depending on the types of families. Families with low income and with children perform more unpaid work. and this work. mostly performed by the females, widens the opportunities of sustaining normal life for those who suffer hardships due to economic transformations in the country. The study was based on a Russian State Statistical Bureau (Goskomstat) data. The data if paid and unpaid work duration was obtained from the Monitoring of Economic Conditions in the Russian Federation: Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1996, 1998, 2003).$$Gender analysis, time allocation, paid and unpaid work, Russian family.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".