The Continuity of Family Agriculture and the Succession System: The Basque Case
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During the last forty years, the family farms in Basque Country (Spain) have changed by cause of industrial and economic development. The small farmers had to take on deep changes in a few years. These shifts have affected to way of live, to agrarian family structure, to social values of the rural communities, and finally, to the continuity of the family farms. The future of the agriculture and rural world depend on the potential successors of the farms. The children of farmers are the future successors. This article considers an important question, their decision of work or not into the family farm for the reproduction of the family farm. Regularly, the farms are passed from one generation to the next. This practice is the common access to an agrarian occupation, but the equality of inheritance occupies first place on succession rights and the continuity of the family farm. The distribution of the inheritance in equal parts supposes the break up of the family farm in small units that do not guarantee profitability and it supposes economic and family charges for the young farmers. This article is an introduction to the influence of the succession system in the decision of young Basque farmers to continue or not in the family farm.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".