The Persistence of Family Farming in the Wake of Agribusiness: A New Brunswick, Canada Case Study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article explores how and why small (subsistence, hobby, and small scale commercial) farms have persisted in the face of agribusiness and the pressure to “get big or get out” of fanning. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted for a case study of dairy and potato farming in New Brunswick, Canada, the article argues off-farm employment, mixed farming, and inter-/intra-generational family farming are strategies families have used to stay in farming despite pressures to expand and modernise. The article contends smallscale operations that have followed these strategies are the farms that have essentially maintained the vistas and agricultural infrastructure of rural New Brunswick. They are not a residual or marginal category of farm operations left behind by modernisation, but a conscious economic strategy and approach to rural life. It is these farms that are critical for the long-term maintenance of local communities and food production, yet they tend to be marginalised by agricultural policy makers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it